中文注释　　English

　

   萨都拉（约1300－？），字天锡，号直斋，回族（一说蒙古族）人。元代诗人。他的诗多写各地山水景物，尤其善于描绘北国的壮丽风光，也还有不少反映民间疾苦的作品。

    ①上京即事――描写在上京见到的事物。元代上京正式称为上都，是皇帝夏季祭天的地方，在今内蒙古自治区多伦附近。

    ②拉――也作“剌（là）”。

    ③乳酪――俗称奶豆腐，用牛羊奶制成的半凝固的食品。

    ④朔风――大北风。

    ⑤行帐――蒙古包，北方牧民居住的活动帐篷。

    ⑥下毡帘――蒙古包底部的圆壁以栅木做骨架，外面用毡帘围成。夏季白天，将毡帘向上卷起，可以通风采光，到晚上或刮风下雨的时候再放下来。

     塞外的天，小孩的脸，说变就变。这首绝句就是描写内蒙草原上，转眼之间两种截然不同的景色的。

    西天的太阳渐渐贴近地平线，草原的牛儿羊儿们，身披夕阳的金辉，拖着圆滚滚的大肚皮，散散落落，蹒蹒跚跚，从四面八方向帐篷归拢而来。忙碌了一天的牧人，将牛羊安顿好，坐在挂起毡帘的帐篷里，喝着浓浓的砖茶，吃着甜甜的奶酪，同时透过栅木欣赏着外面的风光，一阵阵清风带着野草的香气徐徐吹来，清爽得沁人心脾。多么恬静的草原暮色啊！

    但是，突然狂风席卷大地，打乱了草原的平静，家家户户慌手忙脚，将毡帘扯下，躲进帐篷里面去了，只剩下咆哮的狂风和漫天的大雪――那不是雪，那是飞腾翻滚的白沙。许多人见过鹅毛大的雪片，读过“燕山雪花大如席”（李白）的诗句。然而北方草原的大雪，有时并不是一片征的白絮，而是一团团的颗粒，简直就是密密的冰雹。“卷地朔风沙似雪”，只有萨都拉这样熟悉北国景物的诗人，才能描绘出这种草原上独有的奇观。

    Shadula (1300－?) was a renowned poet (said to be of Moslem or Mongolian origin) in the Yuan Dynasty. As a devoted traveler htroughout his life, he visited many famous mountains and large rivers both in the south and north of China. Many of his verses are poetic descriptions of beautiful mountains and charming rivers, especially the scenery of north China. Quite a few of his poems are true reflections of people’s suffering.

    This poem was written to show the poet’s experience at Shangjing, a place where Yuan Emperors offered a sacrifice to Heaven in Summer. The ceremonial place is located in the Inner Mongolia. People often say that the weather in the areas beyond the Great Wall is very unpredictable. In this short poem, the poet presented two completely different scedes of the Mongolian grassland.

    As the setting sun moving closer to the horizon, cattle and sheep were slowly returning to Mongolian yurt from all directions. Having finished their work for the day, herdsmen sat leisurely in their felt yurt, sipping strong tea with cheese. In toxicated by the fragrant scent of wild flowers, they were enjoying the nice evening view outside. All of a sudden, the tranquility of the grassland in the twilight was broken by a sweeping violent storm. Everybody was in a great hurry to get inside the yurt and slam the felt door curtain shut. They could only hear the wailing storm and see whirling snow outside.

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