中文注释　　English

　

  杜牧（803－约852），字牧之，唐代晚期的著名诗人。人们把他和杜甫并提，称他为“小杜”，称杜甫为“老杜”。“小杜”有才华，有抱负，写诗喜欢评今论古，抒发军事、政治见解。他有不少描写山水风光的小诗，名朗秀丽，清新自然，深受读者喜爱。

　　①山郭――靠山的城镇。郭，古时在城外加筑的一道围墙。

　　②南朝――晋趄以后隋朝以前（402－589）以金陵（南京）为都城的宋、齐、梁、陈四个朝代，统治南方半壁江山，与北方的王朝对峙，历史上称为南北朝。南朝统治者大兴佛教，建立了许多的寺院。

  千里江南的春天，到处是红花映着绿柳到处有黄莺儿快乐的飞鸣；不管临水的村庄，还是傍山的城都，都可见一面面的洒旗儿高高挑起，在空中猎猎飘动。这一番江南春色的描绘，在水乡山城、红花绿柳的背景上，除了突出有声有色、飞来飞去的黄莺，还特别将那迎风招展的洒旗作了着力点染。洒旗又叫洒帘儿，它是酒店的招牌。江南城乡角目皆是的洒帘儿，显示着这里的土地的丰饶、风俗的淳厚，使人想起洒家主人待客的热体力劳动情、殷勤；洒帘儿，还寄托着诗人的特殊情趣――洒不是最能角发游兴和诗兴吗？

  前面这一幅图画，描绘的是风和日丽的晴天，至于春雨中的江南景色，则是别一样的情调。最值得欣赏的要属南朝以来建造的佛寺院，多少宏伟壮观的亭台楼阁，全都笼罩在迷迷蒙蒙的轻烟细雨之中了！

  “南朝”，的地域范围，和“江南”没有什么不同；江南佛寺，也有不少是南朝以后所建。诗人不说“江南”而说“南朝”，这是一种开拓意境的手段。这首描写江南春色的绝句，开头用“千里”二字，从空间上展开一个无限广远的视野；与此相对，“南朝”这个字眼，又从时间上把诗的思绪通向几百年前，用诗家的话说：既是尺幅千里，又有瞬息百年。杜牧笔下的江南之春，不是单纯的自然景色、风土人情，还被赋予深厚的历史文化内容，灿烂的文明和优美的风光，水乳交融般地渗透在一起了。

  Du Mu (803－852) was a renowned poet of the Tang Dynasty. He wrote this poem to eulogize the charming scenery of a place south of the Yangtze River.

  In Spring, the broad expanse of southern China was full of red blossoms against the backdrop of green willows. Orioles were singing cheerfully everywhere under the blue sky. Fluttering flags of wine shops and restaurants were seen both in towns at the foot of mountains and villages located by the river side. These lines show that southern China was a beautiful and pros perous place. This is a picture of the charming scenery during a clear and sunny day in Spring.

  The scene of southern China in a rainy day would present a rather different picture. What merits people’s appreciation were the new Buddhist temples built since the Southern Dynasty (420－589). The poet said if you got to a higher place to have a panoramic view. You would see 480 temples of the Southern Dynasty, and numerous magnificent pavilions, towers and buildings scattered all over the broad expanse of southern China seemed obscure in a haze.

  It is said that rulers of the Southern Dynasty made tremendous efforts to advocate Buddhism and constructed many Buddhist temples. As a matter of fact, you could not see exactly 480 Buddhist temples and quite a few temples in southern China were actually constructed after that Dynasty. What Du meant was that there were a large number of temples. And he also referred to a historical period of rapid expansion of Buddhism in southern China several hundred years before so as to add some cultural touch to the scenery verses.

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